Past Cases
Case #1
Companies: American Superconductor and Sinovel Wind Group.
Date: Sinovel was charged in 2013 and the case was settled in 2018.
Synopsis: The theft led to American Superconductor cutting 700 jobs, half its global workforce, and losing approximately $1 billion in market value. The courts imposed the maximum statutory fine of $1.5 million on Sinovel and the company received a year of probation until the full restitution of $57.5 million is paid. Sinovel was also ordered to pay $850,000 to additional victims during the probationary period.
Media Coverage:
Reuters: China's Sinovel convicted in U.S. of trade-secret theft. January 24, 2018.
CNN Business: Chinese trade secret theft nearly killed my company. March 23, 2018.
S&P Global: Sinovel to pay American Superconductor $57.5M settlement for trade secret theft. July 6, 2018.
BBC: Will Trump's tariffs stop Chinese espionage? August 8, 2018.
Case #2
Companies: Micron Technology and Fujian Jinhua Integrated Circuit Co./United Microelectronics Corp.
Date: First suit filed in 2017 and latest ruling in June 2020.
Synopsis: A Taiwanese court ruled that current and former engineers from United Microelectronics Corp. stole trade secrets from U.S. chipmaker Micron and shared them with a government-backed mainland Chinese company Fujian Jinhua Integrated Circuit Co worth approximately $9 billion. A fine of $3.4 million was assessed and the three engineers will be jailed for periods between 4.5 to 6.5 years and fined.
The Commerce Department blocked the Chinese company, Fujian Jinhua Integrated Circuit Co. from buying goods and services in the United States, to prevent the company profiting from the technology it stole. Furthermore, the Justice Department filed a civil lawsuit, seeking a court order that would block the Chinese and Taiwanese companies from transferring the stolen technology or exporting products to the U.S. based on it.
Media Coverage:
Reuters: U.S. indicts Chinese, Taiwan firms for targeting Micron trade secrets. November 1, 2018.
NBC News: Chinese company charged with stealing trade secrets from U.S. computer firm. November 1, 2018.
Chicago Tribune: Here are 5 cases where the U.S. says Chinese companies and workers stole American trade secrets. February 21, 2019.
Financial Times: China chipmaker accused of IP theft looks to rival for rescue. May 9, 2019.
Bloomberg: Engineers found guilty of stealing micron secrets for China. July 12, 2020.
Case #3
Companies: Tennessee Valley Authority and China General Nuclear Power Company
Date: Sentenced in 2017
Synopsis: Szuhsiung Ho, a naturalized Chinese-American citizen, was charged with stealing sensitive nuclear technology to sell to China’s state-run General Nuclear Power Company (CGN). Ho arranged two payments from the Chinese government to experts at American nuclear companies in exchange for information to advance the CGN Small Modular Reactor Programme. Ho was sentenced to two years in prison in 2017. Ching Ning Guey, a Senior Manager at the Tennessee Valley Authority, was charged with conspiring with Ho to provide secrets to China and sentenced to three years of probation.
Media Coverage:
1) Global Construction Review: Man Arrested as FBI Probes Conspiracy to Sell US Civil Nuclear Secrets to China. May 19, 2016.
2) SkyNews: US engineer gets two years in jail for leaking nuclear secrets to China. September 1, 2017.
3) Knox News: Judge rejects prison for former TVA exec tied to confessed operative for China. February 8, 2018.
Case #4
Companies: Apple and Xiaopeng Motors
Date: Arrests in 2018 and 2019
Synopsis: Jizhong Chen and Xiaolong Zhang were arrested individually in 2018 and 2019 and charged with stealing trade secrets. Both former Apple employees had been working closely on the highly secretive autonomous car initiative “Project Titan”. Chen and Zhang were both arrested by the FBI before they could board planes back to China. Zhang had resigned from Apple and was going back to China to work for Xiaopeng Motors, a startup autonomous car company in China. Apple found that Zhang had transferred 40GB of confidential information from his company laptop before returning it to Apple. They also found that Chen had transferred over two thousand files to a personal hard drive containing confidential and proprietary Apple material, including manuals, schematics, and diagrams. The two are awaiting trial in the United States.
Media Coverage:
Business Insider: An ex-Apple employee has been charged with stealing autonomous vehicle secrets. July 10, 2019.
The Verge: A second Apple employee was charged with stealing self-driving car project secrets. January 30, 2019.
Reuters: Apple has 'deep concerns' that ex-employees accused of theft will flee to China. December 9, 2019
Case #5
Companies: Google and Otto
Date: Arrests in 2018 and 2019
Synopsis: Anthony Levandwoski, a French-American engineer who co-founded Google’s self-driving car program, was indicted in 2019 on 33 federal charges of stealing self-driving car trade secrets. Levandowski allegedly downloaded files of Google’s confidential files and trade secrets to start and found Otto, a self-driving technology company. Levandowski sold Otto to Uber Technologies in 2016. Google filed a lawsuit against Uber in 2017 and Uber was subsequently ordered to give an estimated $245 million in equity to Google and not to use the technology it bought through the acquisition of Otto. Levandowski was ordered to pay $179 million in damages to Google and was sentenced to 18 months in prison.
Media Coverage:
The Guardian: Who is Anthony Levandowski, and Why is Google Suing Him? February 23, 2017.
New York Times: Star Engineer Who Crossed Google Is Ordered to Pay $179 Million to Company. March 4, 2020.
The Verge: Former Google exec Anthony Levandowski sentenced to 18 months for stealing self-driving car secrets. August 4, 2020.
Case #6
Companies: IBM and China’s National Health and Family Planning Commission
Date: Sentenced in 2018
Synopsis: Xu Jiaqiang was arrested in May of 2016 on charges of stealing trade secrets for a clustered file system. During Jiaqiang’s time at IBM between 2010 and 2014 he stole source code for the file system used for data management in health care. He conspired to sell the information to the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Upon resigning from IBM in 2014, he offered to sell the confidential information to an undercover law enforcement agent posing as an investor. In 2015, he demonstrated the software to undercover FBI agents. He was eventually sentenced to five years in prison.
Media Coverage:
BBC: US charges Chinese ex-IBM worker with espionage. June 15, 2016.
Fortune: Ex-IBM Employee Guilty of Stealing Secrets For China. May 21, 2017.
Washington Times: Xu Jiaqiang, former IBM employee, sentenced for selling trade secrets. January 19, 2018.